Preserve Azure SDK tracing in OpenTelemetry 2.30 update

[Suraj Rajan (skrcode)]

Fixes the Azure SDK smoke-test regressions in #4821 without rolling back the OpenTelemetry SDK or the rest of the 2.30 instrumentation update.

OpenTelemetry Java instrumentation 2.30 added an Azure Core bridge whose muzzle references require io.opentelemetry.context.Context and Scope in the application classloader. The Azure SDK smoke app intentionally has no direct OpenTelemetry API dependency, so the agent rejects the entire Azure Core instrumentation module as mismatched and the expected hello dependency telemetry disappears.

This keeps the upgraded 2.30 agent and replaces only its Azure Core 1.36 and 1.53 instrumentation slices with their 2.28.1 versions, which support Azure applications without an explicit OpenTelemetry API dependency. The dependency is strict so the 2.30 BOM cannot silently realign the compatibility artifact. This is scoped to the two modules changed by the upstream Azure context bridge (open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation#18886).

Verification:

• On the exact Bump the opentelemetry group across 1 directory with 11 updates #4821 head (1871dc7ebbe15dca7c42e587870b8b0153cb7e7e), AzureSdkTest$Tomcat8Java8Test times out because the hello dependency is absent; the same test passes with this commit.
• The complete affected Azure matrix passes: all eight AzureSdkTest container/JVM variants plus AzureSdkControllerSpansEnabledTest (9/9).
• The custom methods, azure-functions, and applicationinsights-web-2.3 instrumentation test suites pass against the retained 2.30 agent.
• ./gradlew assemble spotlessCheck passes (995 tasks).
• ./gradlew test -x :agent:agent-tooling:test passes. The full test command reaches 313 agent-tooling tests with only the pre-existing macOS-only SystemInformationTest.testOs assertion failing; the same focused test fails on a clean checkout of the exact Bump the opentelemetry group across 1 directory with 11 updates #4821 head.
• ./gradlew resolveAndLockAll --write-locks and ./gradlew generateLicenseReport --no-build-cache pass and produce no dependency-lock or license-content diff.
• The packaged Azure 1.53 module matches the 2.28.1 artifact hash, and the 2.30-only context helper is absent from the replaced slices.

[Suraj Rajan (skrcode)]

Closing in favor of the maintainer plan on #4821 to wait for aligned OpenTelemetry SDK, instrumentation, and contrib releases rather than retain a selective compatibility rollback.